Race-Conscious Babies
Babies develop and demonstrate ethnocentrism within their first year of life, with “the race of a face influencing an infants’ ability to match emotional sounds with emotional facial expressions”.
Source: Developmental Science Vol 15 Issue 13, ‘Building biases in infancy: the influence of race on face and voice emotion matching’, 2012,
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01138.x/full
Plants Compete With Strangers More Than Kin
The idea of kin recognition and perception of kin-specific chemical signals have long been recognized in microbial and animal models. By contrast, general chemical communication between plants has been well established, especially with regard to the negative communication between plants of two different species.
Recent studies have shown that plants have the ability to recognize other plants in their surroundings based on relatedness and identity.
Plants produced more roots when grown in pots with strangers (plants of the same species, but grown from seeds collected from different mother plants) versus being grown with kin plants (plants grown from seeds collected from the same mother plant).
Source: Journal of Experimental Botany Vol 61 Issue 51, ‘Kin recognition in plants: a mysterious behaviour unsolved’, 2010,
https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/61/15/4123/435398
